Process of grinding



pril 21, 1925. v 1,534,393

H. F. JOSEPH PROCESS OF GVRINDING Original Filed May 15, 1923 2 Sheets-Shea?l 1 April 21, 1925. 1,534,393

. H. F. JOSEPH PROCESS OF GRINDING original Filed May 15, 192:5 2 sheen-sheet 2 HMMM , carrying Patented Apr. 2l, 1925.

UNITED STATES v1,534,393 PATENT OFFICE.

H'ARBY F. JOSEPH, OF DAVENPORT, IOWA, ASSIGNOB TO MICRO MAUHINE COMPANY,

. 0F BETTENDOBF, IOWA, .A CORPORATION OF IOWA.

PROCESS OF GRIN DIN G.

4Original' application iiled May 15, 1923, Serial No. 639,141. Divided and this application illed August 17,

1923. Serial Zlil'o.v 657,891.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, HARRY F. JOSEPH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Davenport, in the county of Scott and State of Iowa, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Grinding, of which the following is a full, clear,

and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to a I nethod of wet grinding and more particularly to a method for the internal grinding of cylinders and the like.

. This application is a division of applicants copending application Serial No. 639,- 141, filed May 15, 1923.

An object of the invention is to provide a process for grinding in which a liquid is used to forcibly wash the sediment and grindings from the sides of the cylinder and carry them out, 4so that a clean surface of the metal is alwaysn presented to the grinding wheel, and also to cool the surface to be ground.

A further object of the invention is to provide means whereby the surface of the cylinder is washed continuously and `progressively in front of the contacting portion of the wheel and cylinder, so that a supply of liquid is present to be carried between the wheel and the work in order to improve the quality of surface as is well known with wet grinding.

In the grinding of cylinders internally it is customary to rotate a suitable spindle a grinding wheel at the proper speed so that the speed between the contacting portionl of the wheel and the cylinder is suitable for the character of the work and wheel, as is well understood in the art. In addition, the wheel is smaller in diameter than the work and the spindle is mounted eccentrically in a drumto give it a movement in an orbital path around the work so that only a small portion of the lwheel and work are in actual contact at any one instant and the contacting portion moves in a cylindrical path around the inside of the cylinder. In addition to these movements, the cylinder or the spindle is moved longitudinally one with respect to the other, so that fora given settinga uniform amount of material may be removed throughout the length of the cylinder.

In carrying out my process it is desirable to project liquid against the cylindrical wall to be ground preferably in the circumferential path of the grinding wheel so that the surface of the metal just ahead of the ycontacting portion of the wheel and cylindrical wall will always be clean.

These and other objects will be apparent from the following description and annexed drawings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view taken through the spindle and the operating mechanism.

F1 spinle within a cylinder..

Fi 3 is a section on line 3 3, Fig. 2, showing the baiile construction.

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view through the cylinder showing the spindle, arrows diagrammatically indicating the direction of the liquid in the cylinder. l

The invention is shown in connection with a machine for internal grinding of the general type shown in my Patent Number 1,396,123. The machine frame or sup ort a has a cylindrical portion b in which is rotatably mounted the drum c. The drum 0 has an external gear d in mesh with the gear e of the drive shaft f and is thereby constantly rotated. Journaled in the drum c is an eccentric sleeve member g havin a worm wheel k fixed to one end which mes es withy a worm j carried by the drum. A tubular spindle housing is rigidly secured within an eccentric bore in the ends of the sleeve g andextends parallel with the axis thereof. The sleeve member g may be adj usted by the worm j to vary the eccentricity of the spindle housing 7c with respect to the drum. Within the spindle housing is a tubular spindle Z preferably composed of a plurality of sections independently mounted for rotation therein. The spindle l is driven through the pulley m by any suitable driving means (not shown).

With this mechanism the spindle housing is given an orbital movement and the spindle .is independently rotated within the housing, as is commonly understood in the art.

It is also common to cause a relative longitudinal movement between the grind- .lng wheel and the work and one method consists in mounting the work upon a mov- 2 is a fragmentary section of the-2" able table which is reciprocated forward and backward with respect to the grinding wheel (an example of which is shown in my previously mentioned patent). Another method comprises mounting the grinding wheel spindle and its operating mechanism on a reciprocating mechanism. My process may be carried out by either of these constructions (not shown), it being only necessary that there be a relative longitudinal movement between the work and the grinding wheel.

The spindle Z is hollow, having a passage 3 therethrough for conducting liquid to the grinding wheel 4. The protective cap 5 is secured to turn with 'the spindle Z and receives on its hub 5 thegrinding wheel 4. The wheel is securely clamped to the spindle to turn therewith by a nut 6 which is located within the recessed portion of the wheel 7. The nut 6 has radial passages or ducts 8 therethrough, the inner ends of which are in communication with the spindle 3 so that liquid coming through the spindle is discharged into the ducts and the outer portion of the nut acts as a disk or baie to direct the liquid radially outwardly against the annular wall of the grinding wheel surrounding the recess. When the spindle is rotated, the liquid iows across the face of the wheel from the recess and is projected radially against the work.

Due to the angular velocity of the wheel and baiile,`the liquid is caused to move rapidly in such direction as to strike the cylinder wall and spread axially so that it forcibly washes the surface of the cylinder. However, in normal cylinder grinding the velocity of the grinding wheel is relatively so hrgh compared to the orbital movement of the wheel that the liquid is caused to flow around the surface of the cylinder at a velocity many times greater than that of the orbital movement of the wheel. The snrface, therefore, of the work just in front of the path of the contacting portion of the wheel and work is thoroughly washed clean. Also, fresh, clean liquid is present just behind the wheel ready to be carried by the cutting surface of the wheel across the work, thus enabling the wheel to produce the improved quality ofy surface generally known to be obtained by wet grinding as frequently used for grinding the outside or external surfaces of objects.

As the liquid is projected with such force and velocity against the surface of the work, it continually forms a rotating, layer of liquid which rotates around the cylinder in the same direction as the orbital movement of the wheel. The constant stream of liquid at high velocity also causes the liquid alrready rotating around the cylinder to be forced outwardly in both directions from the portions where the liquid first contacts with the cylinder wall, thus ensuring the liquid, which yhas picked up accumulated sediment and grindings therein, being forced outwardly in both directions from the cylinder and preventing its coming in the progressive path of the wheel to load the wheel or cause loose particles to be carried by the wheel around the cylinder and to impair the surface of the rwork. The incoming clean liquid thus spreadsand Hows out- Wardly along the cylinder wall and transversely across the spiral path of the contacting portion of the grinding Wheel and cylinder wall, keeping the cylinder wall clean for the grinding action of the wheel.

It will thus be seen that my process can be carried out by various means and in various ways. It seems essential, however, that the liquid be projected against the surface of the cylinder -so that it is present in sulicient quantity behind the wheel so that it can be carried along with the wheel to the con-- tacting portion of the wheel and work. In the present disclosure the liquid is so present behind the wheel, due to the lfact that the relatively high velocity imparted to it either by the wheel or the baiiie or a combination of the two, causes it to strike the cylinder wall and rotate as a sheet or layer around the periphery of the cylinder.

i Any suitable liquid such as water or cutting compound may be used, it being desirable, of course, to select a liquid Which will assist and preserve the cutting action of the wheel and will assist the production of a relatively smooth surface, which is characteristic of wet grinding.

Furthermore, it is to be understood that the particular forms of apparatus shown and described, and the particularprocedure set forth, are presented for purposes of eXplanation and illustration and that various modifications of said apparatus and procedure can be made without departing from my invention as defined in the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. The process of grinding a cylindrical internal recess which comprises rotating a spindle carrying a grinding wheel in said recess, causing a relative orbital and longitudinal movement between' the wheel and cylinder, and causing a layer of liquid to move with a relatively higher speed around said cylinder in the same direction as said relatve orbital movement and to read transversely across the orbitaly path of the wheel.

2. The process of grinding a cylindrical internal recess which comprises rotating a spindle carrying al grinding wheel in said recess, causing a relative orbital and longitudinal movement between the wheel and cylinder,.and causing a layer of liquid to move around said cylinder in the same direction as said relative orbital movement and at a speed relatively higher than said f wall of the recess.

in said cylinder,

orbital movement, and to forcibly spread transversely across the path of the contacting portion of the grinding wheel and the 3. The process of grinding cylinders which comprises rotating a spindle carrying, a grinding wheel at a relatively high speed causing a relatively slow orbital and longitudinal movement between the wheel and the cylinder, forcing liquid along the spindle, defiecting said liquid against said cylinder walls and causing said liquid to move at a relatively high speed around said cylinder across the path of thea grindingD wheel, whereb the surface ofsaid cylinder is continuous y washed with clean liquid and liquid is supplied for assisting the grinding.

4. The process of internaligrinding which comprises rotating a hollow spindle carrying a grinding wheel in said cylinder, causing a relative orbital movement between the wheel and cylinder and eccentric to the axis of the grinding wheel, causing relative longitudinal movement between the wheel and cylinder, forcing liquid through said spindle to the grinding wheel and deecting the liquid so that it is projected by said wheel with a relatively high velocity around the cylinder wall substantially through the wheel.

5. The process of grinding a cylindrical internal recess` which comprises rotating in in a plane and spread transversely a cylinder a spindle carrying a grinding wheel, bodily rotating the spindle in said cylinder, whereby a relative orbital movement between the grinding wheel and cylinder is obtained, reciprocating said cylinder longitudinally of'said spindle, whereby a relative longitudinal movement between the grinding wheel and cylinder is obtained, and

forcibly projecting liquid against the internal surface of the cylindertin the same direction as said relative orbital movement and in a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the grinding wheel, and whereby said liquid is caused to progressively spread transversely across the orbital path of the wheel.y

6; The process of grinding a cylindrical internal recess which comprises rotating on its own axis in a cylinder a' spindle carrying a grinding wheel, bodily rotating the spindle inlsaid cylinder to cause an orbital movement Yin said cylinder, cylinder with respect to said grinding wheel and projecting liquid at a relatively high velocity in the same direction as said bodily rotation of said spindle and against the cylindrical face of the work, whereby said liquid is caused to progressively spread transversely across the' path of the contacting portions of the grinding wheel and the work.

signature.

HARRY F. JosEPH.,

reciprocating said 

